cru·ci·fix·ion /ˌkrusəˈfɪkʃən/
 釘死于十字架


 Cru·ci·fix·ion n.
 1. The act of nailing or fastening a person to a cross, for the purpose of putting him to death; the use of the cross as a method of capital punishment.
 2. The state of one who is nailed or fastened to a cross; death upon a cross.
 3. Intense suffering or affliction; painful trial.
 Do ye prove
 What crucifixions are in love?   --Herrick.

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 crucifixion
      n 1: the act of executing by a method widespread in the ancient
           world; the victim's hands and feet are bound or nailed
           to a cross
      2: the death of Jesus on the cross
      3: the infliction of extremely painful punishment or suffering
         [syn: excruciation]


 Crucifixion
    a common mode of punishment among heathen nations in early
    times. It is not certain whether it was known among the ancient
    Jews; probably it was not. The modes of capital punishment
    according to the Mosaic law were, by the sword (Ex. 21),
    strangling, fire (Lev. 20), and stoning (Deut. 21).

      This was regarded as the most horrible form of death, and to a
    Jew it would acquire greater horror from the curse in Deut.
    21:23.

      This punishment began by subjecting the sufferer to scourging.
    In the case of our Lord, however, his scourging was rather
    before the sentence was passed upon him, and was inflicted by
    Pilate for the purpose, probably, of exciting pity and procuring
    his escape from further punishment (Luke 23:22; John 19:1).

      The condemned one carried his own cross to the place of
    execution, which was outside the city, in some conspicuous place
    set apart for the purpose. Before the nailing to the cross took
    place, a medicated cup of vinegar mixed with gall and myrrh (the
    sopor) was given, for the purpose of deadening the pangs of the
    sufferer. Our Lord refused this cup, that his senses might be
    clear (Matt. 27:34). The spongeful of vinegar, sour wine, posca,
    the common drink of the Roman soldiers, which was put on a
    hyssop stalk and offered to our Lord in contemptuous pity (Matt.
    27:48; Luke 23:36), he tasted to allay the agonies of his thirst
    (John 19:29). The accounts given of the crucifixion of our Lord
    are in entire agreement with the customs and practices of the
    Roman in such cases. He was crucified between two "malefactors"
    (Isa. 53:12; Luke 23:32), and was watched by a party of four
    soldiers (John 19:23; Matt. 27:36, 54), with their centurion.
    The "breaking of the legs" of the malefactors was intended to
    hasten death, and put them out of misery (John 19:31); but the
    unusual rapidity of our Lord's death (19:33) was due to his
    previous sufferings and his great mental anguish. The omission
    of the breaking of his legs was the fulfilment of a type (Ex.
    12:46). He literally died of a broken heart, a ruptured heart,
    and hence the flowing of blood and water from the wound made by
    the soldier's spear (John 19:34). Our Lord uttered seven
    memorable words from the cross, namely, (1) Luke 23:34; (2)
    23:43; (3) John 19:26; (4) Matt. 27:46, Mark 15:34; (5) John
    19:28; (6) 19:30; (7) Luke 23:46.