suffering
 痛苦,苦難
 Suf·fer v. t. [imp. & p. p. Suffered p. pr. & vb. n. Suffering.]
 1. To feel, or endure, with pain, annoyance, etc.; to submit to with distress or grief; to undergo; as, to suffer pain of body, or grief of mind.
 2. To endure or undergo without sinking; to support; to sustain; to bear up under.
 Our spirit and strength entire,
 Strongly to suffer and support our pains.   --Milton.
 3. To undergo; to be affected by; to sustain; to experience; as, most substances suffer a change when long exposed to air and moisture; to suffer loss or damage.
 If your more ponderous and settled project
 May suffer alteration.   --Shak.
 4. To allow; to permit; not to forbid or hinder; to tolerate.
    Thou shalt in any wise rebuke thy neighbour, and not suffer sin upon him.   --Lev. xix. 17.
    I suffer them to enter and possess.   --Milton.
 Syn: -- To permit; bear; endure; support; sustain; allow; admit; tolerate. See Permit.
 Suf·fer·ing, n. The bearing of pain, inconvenience, or loss; pain endured; distress, loss, or injury incurred; as, sufferings by pain or sorrow; sufferings by want or by wrongs. “Souls in sufferings tried.”
 Suf·fer·ing, a. Being in pain or grief; having loss, injury, distress, etc. -- Suf*fer*ing*ly, adv.
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 suffering
      adj 1: troubled by pain or loss; "suffering refugees"
      2: very unhappy; full of misery; "he felt depressed and
         miserable"; "a message of hope for suffering humanity";
         "wretched prisoners huddled in stinking cages" [syn: miserable,
          wretched]
      n 1: a state of acute pain [syn: agony, excruciation]
      2: misery resulting from affliction [syn: woe]
      3: psychological suffering; "the death of his wife caused him
         great distress" [syn: distress, hurt]
      4: feelings of mental or physical pain [syn: hurt]