ex·cess /ɪkˈsɛs, ˈɛkˌ/
 過度,剩于,超過,超額(a.)過度的,額外的


 excess
 超 過剩


 Ex·cess n.
 1. The state of surpassing or going beyond limits; the being of a measure beyond sufficiency, necessity, or duty; that which exceeds what is usual or proper; immoderateness; superfluity; superabundance; extravagance; as, an excess of provisions or of light.
 To gild refined gold, to paint the lily,
 To throw a perfume on the violet, . . .
 Is wasteful and ridiculous excess.   --Shak.
    That kills me with excess of grief, this with excess of joy.   --Walsh.
 2. An undue indulgence of the appetite; transgression of proper moderation in natural gratifications; intemperance; dissipation.
    Be not drunk with wine, wherein is excess.   --Eph. v. 18.
 Thy desire . . . leads to no excess
 That reaches blame.   --Milton.
 3. The degree or amount by which one thing or number exceeds another; remainder; as, the difference between two numbers is the excess of one over the other.
 Spherical excess Geom., the amount by which the sum of the three angles of a spherical triangle exceeds two right angles. The spherical excess is proportional to the area of the triangle.

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 excess
      adj : more than is needed, desired, or required; "trying to lose
            excess weight"; "found some extra change lying on the
            dresser"; "yet another book on heraldry might be
            thought redundant"; "skills made redundant by
            technological advance"; "sleeping in the spare room";
            "supernumerary ornamentation"; "it was supererogatory
            of her to gloat"; "delete superfluous (or unnecessary)
            words"; "extra ribs as well as other supernumerary
            internal parts"; "surplus cheese distributed to the
            needy" [syn: extra, redundant, spare, supererogatory,
             superfluous, supernumerary, surplus]
      n 1: a quantity much larger than is needed [syn: surplus, surplusage,
            nimiety]
      2: immoderation as a consequence of going beyond sufficient or
         permitted limits [syn: excessiveness, inordinateness]
      3: the state of being more than full [syn: surfeit, overabundance]
      4: excessive indulgence; "the child was spoiled by
         overindulgence" [syn: overindulgence]