imprinting
 印跡作用; 印碼
 Im·print v. t. [imp. & p. p. Imptrinted; p. pr. & vb. n. Imprinting.]
 1. To impress; to mark by pressure; to indent; to stamp.
    And sees his num'rous herds imprint her sands.   --Prior.
 2. To stamp or mark, as letters on paper, by means of type, plates, stamps, or the like; to print the mark (figures, letters, etc., upon something).
 Nature imprints upon whate'er we see,
 That has a heart and life in it, “Be free.”   --Cowper.
 3. To fix indelibly or permanently, as in the mind or memory; to impress.
    Ideas of those two different things distinctly imprinted on his mind.   --Locke.
 imprinting
      n : a learning process in early life whereby species specific
          patterns of behavior are established