verbal noun
 相同于gerund


 Par·ti·ci·ple n.
 1. Gram. A part of speech partaking of the nature of both verb and adjective; a form of a verb, or verbal adjective, modifying a noun, but taking the adjuncts of the verb from which it is derived. In the sentences: a letter is written; being asleep he did not hear; exhausted by toil he will sleep soundly, -- written, being, and exhaustedare participles.
    By a participle, [I understand] a verb in an adjectival aspect.   --Earle.
 Note: ☞ Present participles, called also imperfect, or incomplete, participles, end in -ing.  Past participles, called also perfect, or complete, participles, for the most part end in -ed, -d, -t, -en, or -n.  A participle when used merely as an attribute of a noun, without reference to time, is called an adjective, or a participial adjective; as, a written constitution; a rolling stone; the exhausted army.  The verbal noun in -ing has the form of the present participle. See Verbal noun, under Verbal, a.
 2. Anything that partakes of the nature of different things. [Obs.]
    The participles or confines between plants and living creatures.   --Bacon.

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 Ver·bal a.
 1. Expressed in words, whether spoken or written, but commonly in spoken words; hence, spoken; oral; not written; as, a verbal contract; verbal testimony.
    Made she no verbal question?   --Shak.
    We subjoin an engraving . . . which will give the reader a far better notion of the structure than any verbal description could convey to the mind.   --Mayhew.
 2. Consisting in, or having to do with, words only; dealing with words rather than with the ideas intended to be conveyed; as, a verbal critic; a verbal change.
    And loses, though but verbal, his reward.   --Milton.
    Mere verbal refinements, instead of substantial knowledge.   --Whewell.
 3. Having word answering to word; word for word; literal; as, a verbal translation.
 4. Abounding with words; verbose.  [Obs.]
 5. Gram. Of or pertaining to a verb; as, a verbal group; derived directly from a verb; as, a verbal noun; used in forming verbs; as, a verbal prefix.
 Verbal inspiration. See under Inspiration.
 Verbal noun Gram., a noun derived directly from a verb or verb stem; a verbal. The term is specifically applied to infinitives, and nouns ending in -ing, esp. to the latter.  See Gerund, and -ing, 2.  See also, Infinitive mood, under Infinitive.


 verbal noun
      n : a noun that is derived from a verb [syn: deverbal noun]