rough /ˈrʌf/
 粗糙的東西,毛坯,未加工品,梗概,草圖,暴徒,艱難(a.)粗糙的,粗暴的,蓬亂的


 rough /ˈrəf/ 形容詞
 粗糙的,不光滑的


 Rough, n.
 1. Boisterous weather. [Obs.]
 2. A rude fellow; a coarse bully; a rowdy.
 In the rough, in an unwrought or rude condition; unpolished; as, a diamond or a sketch in the rough.
    Contemplating the people in the rough.   --Mrs. Browning.


 Rough, adv. In a rough manner; rudely; roughly.
    Sleeping rough on the trenches, and dying stubbornly in their boats.   --Sir W. Scott.


 Rough, v. t.
 1. To render rough; to roughen.
 2. To break in, as a horse, especially for military purposes.
 3. To cut or make in a hasty, rough manner; -- with out; as, to rough out a carving, a sketch.
 Roughing rolls, rolls for reducing, in a rough manner, a bloom of iron to bars.
 To rough it, to endure hard conditions of living; to live without ordinary comforts.

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 Rough a. [Compar. Rougher superl. Roughest.]
 1. Having inequalities, small ridges, or points, on the surface; not smooth or plain; as, a rough board; a rough stone; rough cloth. Specifically: (a) Not level; having a broken surface; uneven; -- said of a piece of land, or of a road. “Rough, uneven ways.”
 (b) Not polished; uncut; -- said of a gem; as, a rough diamond. (c) Tossed in waves; boisterous; high; -- said of a sea or other piece of water.
    More unequal than the roughest sea.   --T. Burnet.
 (d) Marked by coarseness; shaggy; ragged; disordered; -- said of dress, appearance, or the like; as, a rough coat.  “A visage rough.” --Dryden.  “Roughsatyrs.” --Milton.
 2. Hence, figuratively, lacking refinement, gentleness, or polish. Specifically: (a) Not courteous or kind; harsh; rude; uncivil; as, a rough temper.
    A fiend, a fury, pitiless and rough.   --Shak.
    A surly boatman, rough as wayes or winds.   --Prior.
 (b) Marked by severity or violence; harsh; hard; as, rough measures or actions.
    On the rough edge of battle.   --Milton.
    A quicker and rougher remedy.   --Clarendon.
    Kind words prevent a good deal of that perverseness which rough and imperious usage often produces.   --Locke.
 (c) Loud and hoarse; offensive to the ear; harsh; grating; -- said of sound, voice, and the like; as, a rough tone; rough numbers.
 (d) Austere; harsh to the taste; as, rough wine. (e) Tempestuous; boisterous; stormy; as, rough weather; a rough day.
    He stayeth his rough wind.   --Isa. xxvii. 8.
    Time and the hour runs through the roughest day.   --Shak.
 (f) Hastily or carelessly done; wanting finish; incomplete; as, a rough estimate; a rough draught.
 Rough diamond, an uncut diamond; hence, colloquially, a person of intrinsic worth under a rude exterior.
 Rough and ready. (a) Acting with offhand promptness and efficiency. “The rough and ready understanding.”
 (b) Produced offhand. “Some rough and ready theory.”


 rough
      adj 1: having or caused by an irregular surface; "trees with rough
             bark"; "rough ground"; "a rough ride"; "rough skin";
             "rough blankets"; "his unsmooth face"; "unsmooth
             writing" [syn: unsmooth] [ant: smooth]
      2: (of persons or behavior) lacking refinement or finesse; "she
         was a diamond in the rough"; "rough manners"
      3: not quite exact or correct; "the approximate time was 10
         o'clock"; "a rough guess"; "a ballpark estimate" [syn: approximate,
          approximative]
      4: full of hardship or trials; "the rocky road to success";
         "they were having a rough time" [syn: rocky]
      5: violently agitated and turbulent; "boisterous winds and
         waves"; "the fierce thunders roar me their music"- Ezra
         Pound; "rough weather"; "rough seas" [syn: boisterous, fierce]
      6: unpleasantly harsh or grating in sound; "a gravelly voice"
         [syn: grating, gravel, gravelly, rasping, raspy]
      7: ready and able to resort to force or violence; "pugnacious
         spirits...lamented that there was so little prospect of an
         exhilarating disturbance"- Herman Melville; "they were
         rough and determined fighting men" [syn: pugnacious]
      8: of the margin of a leaf shape; having the edge cut or
         fringed or scalloped [ant: smooth]
      9: not shaped by cutting or trimming; "an uncut diamond";
         "rough gemstones" [syn: uncut] [ant: cut]
      10: not carefully or expertly made; "managed to make a crude
          splint"; "a crude cabin of logs with bark still on them";
          "rough carpentry" [syn: crude]
      11: not perfected; "a rough draft"; "a few rough sketches"
      12: unpleasantly stern; "wild and harsh country full of hot sand
          and cactus"; "the nomad life is rough and hazardous"
          [syn: harsh]
      n : the part of a golf course bordering the fairway where the
          grass is not cut short
      adv 1: with roughness or violence (`rough' is an informal variant
             for `roughly'); "he was pushed roughly aside"; "they
             treated him rough" [syn: roughly]
      2: with rough motion as over a rough surface; "ride rough"
         [syn: roughly]
      v : prepare in preliminary or sketchy form [syn: rough in, {rough
          out]