hard /ˈhɑrd/
 (a.)難的,艱苦的,堅硬的,硬的,堅固的,猛烈的,艱難的,結實的,困難的
 hard /ˈhɑrd/ 形容詞
 成癮的,有害的,硬的
 hard
 硬的
 hard
 硬
 Hard a. [Compar. Harder superl. Hardest.]
 1. Not easily penetrated, cut, or separated into parts; not yielding to pressure; firm; solid; compact; -- applied to material bodies, and opposed to soft; as, hard wood; hard flesh; a hard apple.
 2. Difficult, mentally or judicially; not easily apprehended, decided, or resolved; as a hard problem.
    The hard causes they brought unto Moses.   --Ex. xviii. 26.
    In which are some things hard to be understood.   --2 Peter iii. 16.
 3. Difficult to accomplish; full of obstacles; laborious; fatiguing; arduous; as, a hard task; a disease hard to cure.
 4. Difficult to resist or control; powerful.
    The stag was too hard for the horse.   --L'Estrange.
    A power which will be always too hard for them.   --Addison.
 5. Difficult to bear or endure; not easy to put up with or consent to; hence, severe; rigorous; oppressive; distressing; unjust; grasping; as, a hard lot; hard times; hard fare; a hard winter; hard conditions or terms.
    I never could drive a hard bargain.   --Burke.
 6. Difficult to please or influence; stern; unyielding; obdurate; unsympathetic; unfeeling; cruel; as, a hard master; a hard heart; hard words; a hard character.
 7. Not easy or agreeable to the taste; harsh; stiff; rigid; ungraceful; repelling; as, a hard style.
    Figures harder than even the marble itself.   --Dryden.
 8. Rough; acid; sour, as liquors; as, hard cider.
 9. Pron. Abrupt or explosive in utterance; not aspirated, sibilated, or pronounced with a gradual change of the organs from one position to another; -- said of certain consonants, as c in came, and g in go, as distinguished from the same letters in center, general, etc.
 10. Wanting softness or smoothness of utterance; harsh; as, a hard tone.
 11. Painting (a) Rigid in the drawing or distribution of the figures; formal; lacking grace of composition. (b) Having disagreeable and abrupt contrasts in the coloring or light and shade.
 Hard cancer, Hard case, etc. See under Cancer, Case, etc.
 Hard clam, or Hard-shelled clam Zool., the quahog.
 Hard coal, anthracite, as distinguished from bituminous coal (soft coal).
 Hard and fast. Naut. See under Fast.
 Hard finish Arch., a smooth finishing coat of hard fine plaster applied to the surface of rough plastering.
 Hard lines, hardship; difficult conditions.
 Hard money, coin or specie, as distinguished from paper money.
 Hard oyster Zool., the northern native oyster. [Local, U. S.]
 Hard pan, the hard stratum of earth lying beneath the soil; hence, figuratively, the firm, substantial, fundamental part or quality of anything; as, the hard pan of character, of a matter in dispute, etc. See Pan.
 Hard rubber. See under Rubber.
 Hard solder. See under Solder.
 Hard water, water, which contains lime or some mineral substance rendering it unfit for washing. See Hardness, 3.
 Hard wood, wood of a solid or hard texture; as walnut, oak, ash, box, and the like, in distinction from pine, poplar, hemlock, etc.
 In hard condition, in excellent condition for racing; having firm muscles; -- said of race horses.
 Syn: -- Solid; arduous; powerful; trying; unyielding; stubborn; stern; flinty; unfeeling; harsh; difficult; severe; obdurate; rigid. See Solid, and Arduous.
 Hard, adv.
 1. With pressure; with urgency; hence, diligently; earnestly.
    And prayed so hard for mercy from the prince.   --Dryden.
 My father
 Is hard at study; pray now, rest yourself.   --Shak.
 2. With difficulty; as, the vehicle moves hard.
 3. Uneasily; vexatiously; slowly.
 4. So as to raise difficulties. “The question is hard set.”
 5. With tension or strain of the powers; violently; with force; tempestuously; vehemently; vigorously; energetically; as, to press, to blow, to rain hard; hence, rapidly; nimbly; as, to run hard.
 6. Close or near.
    Whose house joined hard to the synagogue.   --Acts xviii. 7.
 Hard by, near by; close at hand; not far off. “Hard by a cottage chimney smokes.” --Milton.
 Hard pushed, Hard run, greatly pressed; as, he was hard pushed or hard run for time, money, etc. [Colloq.]
 Hard up, closely pressed by want or necessity; without money or resources; as, hard up for amusements. [Slang]
 Note: ☞  Hard in nautical language is often joined to words of command to the helmsman, denoting that the order should be carried out with the utmost energy, or that the helm should be put, in the direction indicated, to the extreme limit, as, Hard aport! Hard astarboard! Hard alee! Hard aweather! Hard up!
    Hard is also often used in composition with a participle; as, hard-baked; hard-earned; hard-featured; hard-working; hard-won.
 Hard v. t. To harden; to make hard. [Obs.]
 Hard, n. A ford or passage across a river or swamp.
 ◄ ►
 hard
      adj 1: not easy; requiring great physical or mental effort to
             accomplish or comprehend or endure; "a difficult
             task"; "nesting places on the cliffs are difficult of
             access"; "difficult times"; "a difficult child";
             "found himself in a difficult situation"; "why is it
             so hard for you to keep a secret?" [syn: difficult]
             [ant: easy]
      2: metaphorically hard; "a hard fate"; "took a hard look"; "a
         hard bargainer"; "a hard climb" [ant: soft]
      3: not yielding to pressure or easily penetrated; "hard as
         rock" [ant: soft]
      4: very strong or vigorous; "strong winds"; "a hard left to the
         chin"; "a knockout punch"; "a severe blow" [syn: knockout,
          severe]
      5: characterized by toilsome effort to the point of exhaustion;
         especially physical effort; "worked their arduous way up
         the mining valley"; "a grueling campaign"; "hard labor";
         "heavy work"; "heavy going"; "spent many laborious hours
         on the project"; "set a punishing pace" [syn: arduous, backbreaking,
          grueling, gruelling, heavy, laborious, punishing,
          toilsome]
      6: of speech sounds [ant: soft]
      7: of a drinker or drinking; indulging intemperately; "does a
         lot of hard drinking"; "a heavy drinker" [syn: hard(a),
         heavy]
      8: having undergone fermentation; "hard cider" [syn: fermented]
      9: having a high alcoholic content; "hard liquor" [syn: strong]
      10: unfortunate or hard to bear; "had hard luck"; "a tough
          break" [syn: tough]
      11: dried out; "hard dry rolls left over from the day before"
      adv 1: with effort or force or vigor; "the team played hard";
             "worked hard all day"; "pressed hard on the lever";
             "hit the ball hard"; "slammed the door hard"
      2: with firmness; "held hard to the railing" [syn: firmly]
      3: earnestly or intently; "thought hard about it"; "stared hard
         at the accused"
      4: causing great damage or hardship; "industries hit hard by
         the depression"; "she was severely affected by the bank's
         failure" [syn: severely]
      5: slowly and with difficulty; "prejudices die hard"
      6: indulging excessively; "he drank heavily" [syn: heavily, intemperately]
         [ant: lightly]
      7: into a solid condition; "concrete that sets hard within a
         few hours"
      8: very near or close in space or time; "it stands hard by the
         railroad tracks"; "they were hard on his heels"; "a strike
         followed hard upon the plant's opening"
      9: with pain or distress or bitterness; "he took the rejection
         very hard"
      10: to the full extent possible; all the way; "hard alee"; "the
          ship went hard astern"; "swung the wheel hard left"
      [also: hardest, harder]