Pan, n.
 1. A shallow, open dish or vessel, usually of metal, employed for many domestic uses, as for setting milk for cream, for frying or baking food, etc.; also employed for various uses in manufacturing. “A bowl or a pan.”
 2. Manuf. A closed vessel for boiling or evaporating. See Vacuum pan, under Vacuum.
 3. The part of a flintlock which holds the priming.
 4. The skull, considered as a vessel containing the brain; the upper part of the head; the brainpan; the cranium.
 5. Carp. A recess, or bed, for the leaf of a hinge.
 6. The hard stratum of earth that lies below the soil. See Hard pan, under Hard.
 7. A natural basin, containing salt or fresh water, or mud.
 Flash in the pan. See under Flash.
 To savor of the pan, to suggest the process of cooking or burning; in a theological sense, to be heretical.
 Hard a. [Compar. Harder superl. Hardest.]
 1. Not easily penetrated, cut, or separated into parts; not yielding to pressure; firm; solid; compact; -- applied to material bodies, and opposed to soft; as, hard wood; hard flesh; a hard apple.
 2. Difficult, mentally or judicially; not easily apprehended, decided, or resolved; as a hard problem.
    The hard causes they brought unto Moses.   --Ex. xviii. 26.
    In which are some things hard to be understood.   --2 Peter iii. 16.
 3. Difficult to accomplish; full of obstacles; laborious; fatiguing; arduous; as, a hard task; a disease hard to cure.
 4. Difficult to resist or control; powerful.
    The stag was too hard for the horse.   --L'Estrange.
    A power which will be always too hard for them.   --Addison.
 5. Difficult to bear or endure; not easy to put up with or consent to; hence, severe; rigorous; oppressive; distressing; unjust; grasping; as, a hard lot; hard times; hard fare; a hard winter; hard conditions or terms.
    I never could drive a hard bargain.   --Burke.
 6. Difficult to please or influence; stern; unyielding; obdurate; unsympathetic; unfeeling; cruel; as, a hard master; a hard heart; hard words; a hard character.
 7. Not easy or agreeable to the taste; harsh; stiff; rigid; ungraceful; repelling; as, a hard style.
    Figures harder than even the marble itself.   --Dryden.
 8. Rough; acid; sour, as liquors; as, hard cider.
 9. Pron. Abrupt or explosive in utterance; not aspirated, sibilated, or pronounced with a gradual change of the organs from one position to another; -- said of certain consonants, as c in came, and g in go, as distinguished from the same letters in center, general, etc.
 10. Wanting softness or smoothness of utterance; harsh; as, a hard tone.
 11. Painting (a) Rigid in the drawing or distribution of the figures; formal; lacking grace of composition. (b) Having disagreeable and abrupt contrasts in the coloring or light and shade.
 Hard cancer, Hard case, etc. See under Cancer, Case, etc.
 Hard clam, or Hard-shelled clam Zool., the quahog.
 Hard coal, anthracite, as distinguished from bituminous coal (soft coal).
 Hard and fast. Naut. See under Fast.
 Hard finish Arch., a smooth finishing coat of hard fine plaster applied to the surface of rough plastering.
 Hard lines, hardship; difficult conditions.
 Hard money, coin or specie, as distinguished from paper money.
 Hard oyster Zool., the northern native oyster. [Local, U. S.]
 Hard pan, the hard stratum of earth lying beneath the soil; hence, figuratively, the firm, substantial, fundamental part or quality of anything; as, the hard pan of character, of a matter in dispute, etc. See Pan.
 Hard rubber. See under Rubber.
 Hard solder. See under Solder.
 Hard water, water, which contains lime or some mineral substance rendering it unfit for washing. See Hardness, 3.
 Hard wood, wood of a solid or hard texture; as walnut, oak, ash, box, and the like, in distinction from pine, poplar, hemlock, etc.
 In hard condition, in excellent condition for racing; having firm muscles; -- said of race horses.
 Syn: -- Solid; arduous; powerful; trying; unyielding; stubborn; stern; flinty; unfeeling; harsh; difficult; severe; obdurate; rigid. See Solid, and Arduous.
 Hard·pan n. The hard substratum. Same as Hard pan, under Hard, a.
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