spir·i·tu·al·ism /ˈspɪrɪʧəwəˌlɪzəm, ɪʧəˌlɪ, ɪʧwəˌlɪ-/
 唯心論;招魂
 Spir·it·u·al·ism n.
 1. The quality or state of being spiritual.
 2. Physiol. The doctrine, in opposition to the materialists, that all which exists is spirit, or soul -- that what is called the external world is either a succession of notions impressed on the mind by the Deity, as maintained by Berkeley, or else the mere educt of the mind itself, as taught by Fichte.
 3. A belief that departed spirits hold intercourse with mortals by means of physical phenomena, as by rappng, or during abnormal mental states, as in trances, or the like, commonly manifested through a person of special susceptibility, called a medium; spiritism; the doctrines and practices of spiritualists.
    What is called spiritualism should, I think, be called a mental species of materialism.   --R. H. Hutton.
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 spiritualism
      n 1: (theology) any doctrine that asserts the separate existence
           of God
      2: the belief that the spirits of dead people can communicate
         with people who are still alive (especially via a medium)
      3: concern with things of the spirit [syn: spirituality, otherworldliness]